Note: This course version is currently under review and is subject to change.
ProgramsU_ArchvBE2014 CombBE/BMedSc 2014Mechatronic Engineering (Space) / Medical Science (2011)
Show information forcommencing students (ie. started First Year then).
The course requirements described here apply to persons who commenced their candidature after 1 January, 2011 and persons who commenced their candidature prior to 1 January, 2011 who elect to proceed under 2011 resolutions.
Candidates who commenced prior to 1 January, 2011 may complete the requirements in accordance with the resolutions in force at the time of their commencement, provided that requirements are completed by 1 January, 2016, or later date as the faculty may, in special circumstances, approve.
Candidates who first commenced in 2011, and are re-enrolling for 2012 or later, should be aware that there may have been changes in units of study offered since, Check that units are still available by clicking the unit of study link in the course table. See 2014 version of this course for up to date unit of study list.
For details of relevant resolutions see faculty handbook at sydney.edu.au/handbooks.
Print View | Download as PDF Administrative Information (Fees, ATAR etc.)
Select plan for Major/Pathway
Year 1 - Semester 1
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | CHEM1108: Chemistry 1 Life Sciences A |
Core | 6 | ENGG1801: Engineering Computing Note: INFO1103 is an acceptable alternative. |
Core | 3 | MATH1001: Differential Calculus |
Core | 3 | MATH1002: Linear Algebra |
Core | 6 | MTRX1701: Introduction to Mechatronic Engineering |
Year 1 - Semester 2
Year 2 - Semester 1
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | ELEC1103: Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
Core | 6 | AMME2302: Materials 1 |
Core | 6 | AMME2500: Engineering Dynamics |
Core | 6 | MATH2067: DEs and Vector Calculus for Engineers |
Year 2 - Semester 2
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | MBLG1001: Molecular Biology and Genetics (Intro) |
Core | 6 | MTRX1702: Mechatronics 1 |
Core | 6 | AMME2301: Mechanics of Solids |
Core | 6 | ELEC2104: Electronic Devices and Circuits |
Year 3 - Semester 1
Year 3 - Semester 2
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | BMED2804: Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism |
Core | 6 | BMED2805: Hormones, Reproduction and Development |
Core | 6 | BMED2807: Microbes and Body Defences |
Core | 6 | BMED2808: Disease in Society |
Year 4 - Semester 1
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | MTRX2700: Mechatronics 2 |
Core | 6 | AMME3500: System Dynamics and Control |
Core | 6 | ELEC3404: Electronic Circuit Design |
Core | 6 | MECH3660: Manufacturing Engineering |
Year 4 - Semester 2
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | MECH2400: Mechanical Systems Design 1 |
Core | 6 | MTRX3700: Mechatronics 3 |
| 12 | Select from Medical Science Senior Units Note: A total of at least 24 credit points of senior Medical Science units in the subject areas of Anatomy/Histology, Biology (Genetics), Biochemistry, Cell Pathology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Physiology are required across years 4 and 5. |
Year 5 - Semester 1
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | AMME4121: Engineering Project A Note: Students with ISWAM of 65% or greater are eligible for Honours pathway and can replace AMME4121 with AMME4111. School permission is required. |
Core | 0 | ENGG4000: Practical Experience |
Core | 6 | MECH4601: Professional Engineering 2 |
| 6 | Select from Mechatronics Electives or other units. Note: At least 6 credit points of Mechatronics elective units must be completed. These may be taken in either semester. | |
| 6 | Medical Science Senior Units Note: A total of at least 24 credit points of senior Medical Science units in the subject areas of Anatomy/Histology, Biology (Genetics), Biochemistry, Cell Pathology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Physiology are required across years 4 and 5. |
Year 5 - Semester 2
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core | 6 | MECH3460: Mechanical Systems Design 2 |
Core | 6 | AMME4122: Engineering Project B Note: Students with ISWAM of 65% or greater are eligible for Honours pathway and can replace AMME4122 with AMME4112. |
| 6 | Select from Mechatronics Electives or other units. Note: At least 6 credit points of Mechatronics elective units must be completed. These may be taken in either semester. | |
| 6 | Medical Science Senior Units Note: A total of at least 24 credit points of senior Medical Science units in the subject areas of Anatomy/Histology, Biology (Genetics), Biochemistry, Cell Pathology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Physiology are required across years 4 and 5. |
Honours Thesis
| Type | CP | CP From |
Core
|
6 |
AMME4111: Thesis A |
Core
|
6 |
AMME4112: Thesis B |
| View complete Program Structure | ||
Note: Students with ISWAM of 65% or greater are eligible for Honours pathway and can replace 4th Year Engineering Project units AMME4121 and AMME4122 with Honours Thesis Units AMME4111 and AMME4112.
Block 1 - Medical Science Intermediate Units
| Unit Code | Unit Name | CP | Sessions Offered |
| BMED2801 | Cell Structure and Function | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2802 | Molecular Basis of Medical Sciences | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2803 | Cardiac, Respiratory and Renal Function | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2804 | Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2805 | Hormones, Reproduction and Development | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2806 | Sensory and Motor Functions | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2807 | Microbes and Body Defences | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BMED2808 | Disease in Society | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
Note: Students are required to complete 48 credit points of these units, which means all units listed.
Block 2 - Medical Science Senior Units (Min CP: 24,Max CP: 24)
| Unit Code | Unit Name | CP | Sessions Offered |
| ANAT3004 | Cranial and Cervical Anatomy | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| ANAT3006 | Forensic Osteology | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| ANAT3007 | Visceral Anatomy | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| ANAT3008 | Musculoskeletal Anatomy | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| ANAT3904 | Cranial & Cervical Anatomy (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3071 | Molecular Biology & Biochemistry- Genes | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3072 | Human Molecular Cell Biology | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3081 | Mol Biology & Biochemistry- Proteins | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3082 | Medical and Metabolic Biochemistry | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3092 | Proteomics and Functional Genomics | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3971 | Molecular Biology & Biochem- Genes (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3972 | Human Molecular Cell Biology (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3981 | Mol Biology & Biochemistry- Proteins Adv | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3982 | Medical and Metabolic Biochemistry (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BCHM3992 | Proteomics and Functional Genomics (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BIOL3018 | Gene Technology and Genomics | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BIOL3025 | Evolutionary Genetics & Animal Behaviour | 6 | |
| BIOL3026 | Developmental Genetics | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BIOL3027 | Bioinformatics and Genomics | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BIOL3918 | Gene Technology and Genomics Advanced | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BIOL3925 | Evolutionary Gen. & Animal Behaviour Adv | 6 | |
| BIOL3926 | Developmental Genetics (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| BIOL3927 | Bioinformatics and Genomics (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| CPAT3201 | Pathogenesis of Human Disease 1 | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| CPAT3202 | Pathogenesis of Human Disease 2 | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| EMHU3001 | Electron Microscopy and Imaging/Theory | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| EMHU3002 | Electron Microscopy and Imaging/Prac | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| HSTO3001 | Microscopy & Histochemistry Theory | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| HSTO3002 | Microscopy & Histochemistry Practical | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| HSTO3003 | Cells and Development: Theory | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| HSTO3004 | Cells and Development: Practical (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| IMMU3102 | Molecular and Cellular Immunology | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| IMMU3202 | Immunology in Human Disease | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| IMMU3902 | Molecular and Cellular Immunology (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| IMMU3903 | Immunology in Human Disease (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| INFD3012 | Infectious Diseases | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MICR3011 | Microbes in Infection | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MICR3032 | Molecular Microbiology Concepts | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MICR3042 | Molecular Microbiology Research Skills | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MICR3911 | Microbes in Infection (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MICR3932 | Molecular Microbiology Concepts (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MICR3942 | Molecular Micro Research Skills (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3001 | Neuroscience: Special Senses | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3002 | Neuroscience: Motor Systems & Behaviour | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3003 | Cellular and Developmental Neuroscience | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3004 | Integrative Neuroscience | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3901 | Neuroscience: Special Senses (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3902 | Neuroscience: Motor Systems & Behav. Adv | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3903 | Cellular & Developmental Neurosci. (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| NEUR3904 | Integrative Neuroscience (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3011 | Toxicology | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3012 | Drug Design and Development | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3021 | Drug Therapy | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3022 | Neuropharmacology | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3911 | Toxicology (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3912 | Drug Design and Development (Adv) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3921 | Drug Therapy (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PCOL3922 | Neuropharmacology (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3005 | Human Cellular Physiology: Theory | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3006 | Human Cellular Physiology: Research | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3007 | Heart and Circulation: Normal Function | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3008 | Heart and Circulation: Dysfunction | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3905 | Human Cellular Physiology (Adv): Theory | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3906 | Human Cellular Physiology (Ad): Research | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3907 | Heart & Circulation: Normal Function Adv | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| PHSI3908 | Heart & Circulation: Dysfunction Adv | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| VIRO3001 | Virology | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| VIRO3002 | Medical and Applied Virology | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| VIRO3901 | Virology (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| VIRO3902 | Medical and Applied Virology (Advanced) | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
Note: Units must be chosen from the subject areas of Anatomy and Histology; Biology (Genetics) (ie. BIOL3018/3918; 3025/3925; 3026/3926; 3027/3927); Biochemistry; Cell Pathology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology and Physiology. Students must complete 24 credit points of these units.
Block 3 - Mechatronics Electives (Min CP: 6,Max CP: 24)
| Unit Code | Unit Name | CP | Sessions Offered |
| AMME4500 | Guidance, Navigation and Control | 6 | |
| AMME4700 | Inertial Navigation and the Kalman Filter | 6 | |
| AMME4710 | Computer Vision and Image Processing | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| AMME4790 | Introduction to Biomechatronics | 6 |
Semester 2
For Semester 2 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
| MECH4720 | Sensors and Signals | 6 | |
| MECH4730 | Computers in Real-Time Control and Instrumentation | 6 | |
| MTRX4700 | Experimental Robotics | 6 |
Semester 1
For Semester 1 calendar dates look up `Semester 1` on the university timetable website at https://web.timetable.usyd.edu.au/calendar.jsp
|
Note: At least 6 credit points of Mechatronics elective units must be completed. These may be taken in either first or second semester.
| Course: | Mechatronic Engineering (Space) / Medical Science (2011) |
| CP Required: | 240 |
| Min FT Duration: | 5.00 Years |
| Min PT Duration: | N/A |
| Faculty/School: | University Archive |
| Years Offered: | 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 |
| Requirements: | To qualify for the award of the BE/BMedSc Pass degree, a student shall complete units of study having a total value of at least 240 credit points including: * Units of study as prescribed for the BE specialisation * Junior Science units of study comprising 12 credit points of Mathematics and 12 credit points of Junior Chemistry and MBLG1001 Introductory Molecular Biology & Genetics (some of these may be shared in common with the engineering specialisation) * 48 credit points of Intermediate core units of study as listed in Table IV of the Science Faculty Handbook of units of study for the BMedSc * at least 24 credit points of Senior units of study taken from the subject areas of Anatomy/Histology, Biology (Genetics), Biochemistry, Cell Pathology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Physiology. |
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